The Truth and Nonsense of the N+1 Principle of Bicycles

If you’ve been around bikes long enough, you’re likely familiar with the “n+1” principle. Velominati describes it as follows:

The correct number of bikes to own is n+1.

While the minimum number of bikes one should own is three, the correct number is n+1, where n is the number of bikes currently owned. This equation may also be re-written as s-1, where s is the number of bikes owned that would result in separation from your partner.

I became quite caught up in the n + 1 principle in my early days as a bike enthusiast, although I did not know it had a name. My stable quickly grew from one Fuji road bike to a road bike + fixed gear + light touring bike + a commuter/touring bike + folding bike + single speed folding bike + you get the idea.

As cycling became one of my central activities, bicycles also caught my fancy. I justified my n+1 purchases in different ways. I need a bike for commuting. I need this one as a back-up bike. I need a fixed gear to work on my spin. I need a single speed because it’s low maintenance and easier to clean.

I need this bike for randonneuring, and that bike for summer vacations and future bike tours, a mixte just because, and I must have this bike because it’s a limited edition and this other bike since it is no longer made and this might be my very last chance to own one ever.

N-1 does not apply at my house. There are no furrowed brows when someone in my house says “Have you seen this bicycle? I think I may need it.” We don’t hide bike purchases from each other or lie about how much they cost (which I have my own thoughts about for those who do) and I don’t say that my other half “won’t let me” buy a bike (also something I have thoughts about). My spouse and I know all about the need for bikes. Our dining room is proof of that.

Over time I’ve realized that n+1 is truth and nonsense, but more nonsense than truth. That’s part of the ongoing joke, I know. Even though we may be able to concoct justifications for another ride and the bike industry would have us continue to purchase specialized bikes for all types of cycling and road surfaces, who among us actually needs more than one bike?

Rivendell Romulus

I am proud of the bikes I own and it took some years and careful searching to acquire them, but it’s no feat to have a bunch of bikes. All it takes is disposable income, time, and a desire for bicycles.

Over the years, I’ve also learned that n+1 does not match my riding style. Generally, I ride three bikes: the Surly Long Haul Trucker, my Rivendell Quickbeam, and our Co-Motion Java tandem. While these are my everyday favorites, I think of my Rivendell Romulus, Bike Friday Pocket Rocket, and my Rawland dSogn as my preferred weekend single ride steeds. But I’m not riding much single bike on the weekend these days so they don’t see much time outdoors.

I’d likely ride my bikes more if I was doing more long rides by myself, but my current way of touring and randonneuring is by tandem. The other bikes are pulled out every once in a while, but generally they spend most of their lives in the Dining Room Bike Shop.

In contrast, Felkerino is more of an n+1 rider than I am. He frequently rotates through the bikes on his side of the dining room. He told me that he likes to switch his ride every two or three weeks. Felkerino gives all of his bikes equal love and attention, while I focus my affection on a few of the bikes I have.

I am happy with all my bikes and, with the exception of my torrid relationship with the Bike Friday Tikit, I’ve dialed in their fit and comfort so they ride well for short or long distances. It’s nice to have bikes that work particularly well for brevets, mixed surfaces, commutes, and touring, but it certainly isn’t necessary.

I don’t generally ride each of my bikes enough to truly justify owning them all. In the meantime, I keep the bikes I own as an indulgence. I already own them, and I aspire to ride them all more one day soon. Maybe tomorrow. Or next week. Or when it’s warmer outside.

I still look at bikes, admire them, and think about how they would ride and the ways they would complement my current bike family. Future bike is always out there and I want it. Practically speaking, though, my n+1 days are at a standstill. The dining room is far too crowded.

Responses to “The Truth and Nonsense of the N+1 Principle of Bicycles”

  1. adkins403

    Great you mention your three favorites that I dont have. Great!!! I find bikes more like a drug….Search them out, find a reputable dealer, maybe try just a taste, jones for the feeling, feed your habit. Soon you need a different fix to keep it fresh.

    Like

    1. MG

      Definitely riding different bikes is one way to keep it fresh. Sorry if I tempted you with the idea of buying another bike, too!

      Like

    2. adkins403

      No need to tempt me. I love looking at new bikes and talking myself in and out and in and out and then Opps there it is. I may need an intervention.

      Like

  2. PedalWORKS

    Nice post. I have shared this link with friends and family, particularly those that think I am crazy to have (and ride) 4 bikes and always wanting another.

    Like

  3. PedalWORKS

    I just took another look at your stable and notice there are no carbon bikes. I have several steel frame bikes for commuting, touring and randonneuring but also a carbon racing bike for training, long climbs and faster rides. Is a carbon bike on your list?

    Like

    1. MG

      No carbon on the list right now. I don’t have a need for one, and I am currently very into riding steel.

      Like

      1. PedalWORKS

        Me too! I have a 30 year old custom steel frame I upgraded with an Ultregra compact group that is my most enjoyable ride.

        Like

  4. SW

    Dining room far too crowded = the need for a bigger dining room.

    As much as I make occasional noises about thinning the fleet and being able to own just two bikes (which ones I have no idea), in reality I’ve long since resigned myself to the fact that I will never have fewer bikes and will quite possibly have more. Definitely, really…

    Like

    1. MG

      Yeah, once it’s in the stable it is hard for me to part with a bike.

      Like

  5. Geoff Hazel

    Road bike (Fuji touring) and MTB for off-road and I’m pretty sure that’s all I really need. I’ve had more, but just for loaners. I like the idea of at least two so if one’s down for repairs, you still have something to ride – really essential if you’re a regular commuter.

    Like

    1. MG

      I agree. I know someone who has one single bike and a tandem. When something goes wrong with his single bike, he rides his tandem solo. It works for him, but I’d probably think about adding at least one more bike to the fleet.

      Like

  6. Deacon Patrick

    Definitely a first world problem! Yet the allure… sardonic grin.

    Liked by 1 person

  7. fossilcyclist

    Window shopping (or should that be Screen Shopping?) fine, but not too tempted. Ride my Roubaix summer & winter. But an old MTB for off road & an ancient beater for when the bike’s poorly.

    Liked by 1 person

  8. Randy

    In addition to a few bikes for specific types of riding or tasks, I have bikes that are specific to holidays. I rode a different bike on each errand on last years Errandonnee. My spouse is content with n but I probably border on s+1 🙂

    Like

    1. MG

      I remember that! adventurepdx rode all of his bikes for coffeeneuring, which I thought was a good way to get all the bikes out and about.

      Like

  9. richdirector

    Reblogged this on Kite*Surf*Bike*Rambling and commented:
    Can you have too many bikes

    Like

  10. Dave

    MG, it’s funny that you posted this. I just bought my wife a Form Cycles Revel titanium frameset that was a great price on the Paceline Forum. She has one Serotta and didn’t think she needed another, but she saw the frame and agreed. It’s all built up and has been ridden once. It fits her perfectly and gives her a little variety. Now, when she is on her Ti bike, I am on mine. The n+1 seems to be a force that one has to learn to deal with or it will take charge. One forum member compared cycling to a “really, really, expensive eating disorder”. I can see his point.

    Like

    1. MG

      “The n+1 seems to be a force that one has to learn to deal with or it will take charge.” Well said.

      Like

  11. kittehjesus

    Spot on. N+1 makes a nice joke to chortle over, but eventually there are big practical considerations to take into account when owning multiple bikes. Space, money, available time to ride being the main ones.

    As for me, I need a minimum of four mountain bikes. Two in Porto, and another two back at my Mum’s house in Devon, to ensure I always have a fully working bike available whether I’m at home or visiting the family during holidays.

    One of my most recent bikes, a Raleigh titanium of 1993 vintage, cost the princely sum of 50 pounds yet rides wonderfully and gave me my most recent KOM on an especially gruelling climb across part of Dartmoor. (see https://retrosteelrider.wordpress.com/2014/10/28/review-1993-m-trax-duo-tech-300/ assuming it’s OK to post a link here?) Being so cheap, I find it rather to easy to accumulate new vintage bikes like these to my collection (but not boutique, garage-queens – I don’t need bikes that won’t get ridden or risked being trashed).

    How many bikes would I like to have? Maybe somewhere around the 10 mark, mostly mountain bikes but with a road bike and a cyclocross bike for days when I feel like some narrow tire action.

    Like

    1. MG

      I have a travel bike that fits in a suitcase I can use if I fly to visit family, which is a nice option. I will say that I like having my bikes all in one spot, though if you are traveling back and forth a lot between places, it probably makes sense to keep one in each location if you can.

      Like

  12. Frank Burns
  13. adventurepdx

    “I am proud of the bikes I own and it took some years and careful searching to acquire them, but it’s no feat to have a bunch of bikes. All it takes is disposable income, time, and a desire for bicycles.”

    That’s a quote for the ages! 😉

    I’ve been struggling with the N+1 equation for a couple years. A few years ago I got up to five, which is an all time high. It caused me to sit back and say “Do I need so many bikes?” Nope, especially since there was too much overlap with most of them. Now I’m down to three: the three speed city bike, the old mtb converted to town/road/tour duty, and a workhorse cruiser/beater. One of the reasons I’m going custom is to get a bike that does 90% of what I need to do on a regular basis: commuting, utility riding, long-distance riding, touring, rough stuff. I’ll probably get ride of the ol’ mtb then. Three seems like a good balance number.

    Of course, this doesn’t mean I don’t WANT more bikes. I wouldn’t mind a true cargo bike, a nice folder, maybe an old Raleigh International converted to a three speed clubman. But that’s all speculative. Right now I should try to be satisfied with what I have. And I don’t have a lot of money or mechanical experience either, so I should avoid more “projects” and the like.

    Liked by 2 people

    1. MG

      That quote belongs in Bartlett’s, that’s how proud I am of those remarks! Ha ha! You make me laugh.

      I’m not much of a tinkerer when it comes to bikes so I stay away from bikes that require a lot of TLC toget them up and going. I want my bikes to work, but I’m not into doing a lot of work on them.

      Also, going custom, what?! Have I missed something on your blog?

      Liked by 1 person

      1. adventurepdx

        Yep!

        Like

  14. ezpc1

    Reblogged this on EzpcgoescyclinG and commented:
    I saw this it made me laugh ….Can you have too many bikes ?
    Yes …..but only if you find you are not using them very often… a bikes purpose is to be used isn’t it …are do we collect them as works of aesthetics we just want because they are beautiful as well?
    See the attached blog on “N+1 rule of bike acquisition ….”
    Me? I’m just jealous of the authors noted collection of bikes …and the fact that he keeps them in the dining room…..LoL.

    Like

  15. ezpc1

    I had to reblog this….. the truth and the nonsense being that I identify with it just too much. I’m jealous your bike garage is in your dining room and admire your collection of steeds, but can we really have too many bikes? Yes..we can …bikes are meant to be used. Surely once we get to the stage when we are no longer using them regularly that then is too many?
    Unless of course, we are acquiring them because of their beautiful aesthetics , as prima facae examples of beautiful engineering that we long to own just as examples of what is essentially an engineering art? Hmmm… jury’s out again.

    Like

  16. tempocyclist.wordpress.com

    The whole N+1 thing can be dangerous as it is all too easy to justify a huge number of bikes. In all honesty I only “need” one bike, although I own three (four if you count the beach cruiser currently in pieces for restoration). I put most of my miles on my road bike, but having the time trial bike is a nice touch! I think put less than 100 miles on my hybrid last year. Now, I’d quite like a retro roadie to ride L’Eroica Britannia, oh and a semi-recumbent tandem of course…

    Like

    1. MG

      I also think it’s silly if a person thinks that n+1 is going to give them some kind of bicycling cred. Having a lot of bikes only means you have a lot of bikes. !

      Liked by 1 person

  17. Jim B

    I was happy with three bikes for a long time, (touring, road, and MTN) so, the N+1 thing did not hit me for a couple of years running here. But….there is always a but isn’t there….I have the fat bike bug so here we go to #4.
    I will get all three involved for Errandonee

    Like

    1. adventurepdx

      I like that. As an add-on to the Errandonee and Coffeeneuring: Justify owning all of your bikes by using all of them during the challenge!

      Like

    2. MG

      I can definitely see having the fat bike bug, especially if you live in a place that receives a fair amount of snow. If I lived in the Midwest, for example, I would likely purchase one for winter riding…

      Like

      1. MG

        Like you did for coffeeneuring. You overachievers!

        Liked by 1 person

      2. adventurepdx

        Wait, you’re calling me an overachiever? I think I felt the world slightly wobble off its axis for a sec, like it does for 9.0 earthquake!
        😉

        Like

  18. accordion3

    I have two bikes – a tourer that was bought as the ultimate commuter and touring bike. It is terrific, whenever I try another bike I remember how much I love my tourer. So it is N. N+1 is the bike that I don’t actually need, it is a cargo bike. I smile constantly when I ride it. The attention it pulls is more extreme that stepping out with a new baby… I do make excuses to use it, over and above the shopping, kids’ activities. I’m dreaming of taking it on a train/bike tour with the family – just in case our panniers are not big enough! Also dreaming of an electric assist for it as I think my knees will complain mightily in a few years time.

    Like

  19. mhl

    I can assure you that N+1 (or S-1) is not nonsense! My wife doesn’t get why one person could want a bunch of bikes. So I have been on a quest to find the perfect all around bike. As you might imagine, this is a hard task, and as a consequence I have sold my bike several times to buy another bike that gets me closer to the ideal all arounder. Turns out buying and selling every year or two is no better in wife’s eyes – she thinks I am too picky and get bored with what I have.

    Finally, last year I just broke down and got a second bike, and she realized it wasn’t the end of the world! (for now, I am not pushing my luck to get a third though)

    Like

  20. katzenfinch

    We’re up to seven — two for my wife, four for me, and a tandem — and I have a custom on the way which, as adventurepdx says, should take care of 90 percent of my cycling needs. In theory I know I should be able to sell at least a couple to help finance the new one (and make room for it in the garage), but past experience has shown me that when I sell a bike, sooner or later I wish I hadn’t. Perhaps I should adopt the attitude of people who foster dogs for rescue organizations, and limit myself to a couple of “pets” while acting as temporary guardian for a series of other bikes until they find their forever homes….

    Like

  21. JohnMark

    I’ve been battling with the N+1 mathematical statement for two or three years. A couple of years back I got up to five, which is an untouched high. It made me kick back and say “Do I require such a variety of bicycles?” Nope, particularly since there was an excessive amount of cover with a large portion of them. Presently I’m down to three: the three rate city bicycle, the old mtb changed over to town/street/visit obligation, and a workhorse cruiser/mixer. One of the reasons I’m set custom is to get a bicycle that does 90% of what I have to do all the time: driving, utility riding, long-separation riding, visiting, harsh stuff. I’ll most likely get ride of the ol’ mtb then. Three appears like a decent adjust number.

    Liked by 1 person

  22. NickCald

    As for me, I need a minimum of four mountain bikes. Two in Porto, and another two back at my Mum’s house in Devon, to ensure I always have a fully working bike available whether I’m at home or visiting the family during holidays.

    Like

  23. samitinparis

    From your list of bikes, I deduce that you are a road biker. For us switch hitters (road and MTB), the ideal number of bikes is not N+1 but (N+1) x 2.

    Like

  24. How to Choose the Best Gravel Bike for Your Next Adventure

    […] pavement ends or where the gravel, ruts and washboards begin, then a gravel bike may be your next n+1. You don’t have to race gravel grinders to enjoy the heck out of these bikes. First things […]

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  25. Russell

    Fun article. I think the idea of N + 1 is fine, but I’m with you – how many bikes do people really need? I recently just purchased a Specialized Allez (road bike) to go along with my Specialized Crave (MTB) and Cannondale Slice (TT). I’m a triathlete, so the TT has been my bike for 99% of rides in the past 10 years, and I only just got the MTB. The road bike was an addition so I can try real racing!

    Like

  26. Methow Valley fatbiking – a sampler – Evergreen Endurance Coaching

    […] break from school. Tom and Rowan were excited to ski, and I was looking forward to riding my new n+1, a Diamondback El Oso Grande (fatbike) that has been keeping me sane this […]

    Like

  27. Scottie Manners

    I do agree that 3 is the perfect number with this principle. I have the 2 extreme ends: a full suspension MTB, and a 15lb road bike. And a Kona that fits right in the middle of full-on roadie or offroad. The Kona is the workhorse/urban commuter/gravel grinder/ in-between do-it-all bike that fits nicely in the middle of the two extreme disciplines. And if one is down I can always commute on the road bike or mtb if need be.

    Like

    1. MG

      Three does seem like a good number. As for me, I probably should dial my own collection back, as I really am not riding that many bikes! Right now, I’m only riding my Rawland Sogn and Rawland Nordavinden when I’m not hauling gear around, and our tandems all see good use on the weekends. In conclusion, n+1 really has its limits. Thanks for your note and thanks for reading!

      Like

  28. Can You Bikepack and Gravel Tour on a Surly Long Haul Trucker? | Exploring Wild

    […] this bikepacking trip my friends are planning without getting left in the dust? Or do I have an “n+1” problem on my […]

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  29. Got more bikes than you really need? Bike Match Seattle will connect you with someone who needs it | Seattle Bike Blog

    […] if you let your n+1 bike habit get a little out of control before the outbreak, maybe now is the time to reduce your collection […]

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  30. JonBMuth

    Just got back into cycling after a long hiatus following my bike tour (desk job took a beating on me!) I came across someone referencing n+1 and this was the first article I came across. I didn’t realize until you mentioned Felkerino that this was written by my friends from DC! I should have known when you kept referencing randonneuring… I still have your coffeeneuring patch and actively participate in the activity!
    I made my way back to LA to live full-time, and added a new bike to my collection to keep the Surly company. Still looking for a partner to join me on tandem adventures, but looking forward to still following your adventures on instagram.
    Cheers,
    Jon

    Like

    1. MG

      Jon, so good to hear from you! I’m glad you’ve made a return to cycling, and I dream of doing a tour like the one you took across the country. Was one of the highlights of our trip to ride with you and virtually follow the rest of your tour.

      Like

  31. 13 years of motherhood, and the books I gave up on this week. – softer things

    […] I ordered from Velo Orange are ungodly expensive to return but I think that’s okay because my n+1 bike is brightly colored, steel, and awesome, and someday when I find it, I’ll have those parts […]

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  32. PoorInRichfield

    I recently exited the “n+1” philosophy in favor of the “one bike to rule them all” philosophy. I went from approximately 7 bicycles down to two… an endurance road bike and a cross-country mountain bike. Those two bikes cover 100% of the riding I do without much overlap.

    I started to realize that having multiple bikes that did the exact same thing didn’t make sense in terms of my time or wallet. What is better, one-super nice bike or 3 so-so bikes? Since few of us have unlimited income for bikes, we have to distribute our resources accordingly (i.e., we only have so much money and the more bikes we own, the more spread-out our money becomes.) If one only owns one bike, one can do things like buy really nice tires for that one bike rather than having to purchase 3 sets of mid-range tires for 3 bikes. Likewise, one only has to maintain that one bike rather than 3 (or more) bikes. Time is money!

    The recent push to put disc brakes on road bikes has helped me leave the “n+1” behind as it is now possible to have one road bike with multiple wheel sets and different tires. Up until now, road bikes were typically limited to a 25mm wide tire due to the caliper brakes. With disc brakes, the max tire size is now only limited by the frame and fork, which usually means one can now use a 32mm+ sized tire if need be. My road bike has a “fast” wheel set with 50mm deep carbon rims and 32mm slick tires and a “gravel” wheel set with 35mm deep carbon rims and 38mm gravel tires. These two wheel sets cover 90% of the riding I do! It’s that remaining 10%, hardcore off-roading, that is done with my mountain bike.

    In addition to cost, there’s also the issue of bike fit. With only 1 bike, any time one spends on getting the bike to fit results in an improvement on 100% of one’s bike rides. If one owns several bikes, do they all fit correctly? Does your body have to adjust for each bike you ride because they’re all setup differently and have different components… especially the seat? I hate shopping for a good fitting saddle and once I find one that works, I don’t want to have to buy several of them for each bike ($$$$)!

    Liked by 1 person

    1. MG

      Still can’t quite get to the one bike to rule them all, but I definitely don’t need multiple bikes that are essentially the same bike. And you’re right about accessories and parts, it’s time-consuming to get that all dialed in. Regarding fit, I think bikes can fit somewhat differently and still fit the rider. I’m also not hard to fit so that’s not the same issue for me as it would be for others.

      Like

      1. adventurepdx

        For me, I like the idea of the “one bike”, but my tastes in cycling are a bit too divergent to get it all into one package, at least one that wouldn’t be heavily compromised. And I like my current bikes too much to get rid of any. Plus there is something to be said about variety.

        It was easy to be a “one bike” person when I wasn’t that into bicycles. And after I got into bikes, I did live the “one bike” life for 4 1/2 months: When I toured across the continent. Even though I liked my LHT and it served me well, half-way into the tour I wanted the variety of a different bike…

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  33. Ride Routes 1st – 7th January | South Perth Rouleurs

    […] the same thing), and perhaps even a cycling gift or three. Perhaps use the downtime to ponder the n+1 rule […]

    Like

  34. Brenton

    yes, I know what you mean, I have 3 and I need more haha

    Like

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